a hidden chapter from the eighteenth-century invention of race Gates, Henry Louis Jr 1950- editor Curran, Andrew S. 1963- editor text mau Cambridge , Massachusetts London, England The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press 2022 monographic eng xvi, 303 pages : illustrations (black and white), map (black and white) ; 23 cm In 1739 Bordeaux’s Royal Academy of Sciences held an essay contest seeking answers to a pressing question: What was the cause of Africans’ black skin? Published here for the first time and translated into English, these early documents of scientific racism lay bare the Enlightenment origins of the phantom of racial hierarchy. Preface: Who is black and why? -- Part I. The 1741 essays on the "degeneration" of black skin and hair -- Introduction: Bordeaux's Royal Academy of Science and the 1741 contest on skin and hair -- Blackness through the power of God -- Blackness through the soul of the father -- Blackness through the maternal imagination -- Blackness as a moral defect -- Blackness as a result of the torrid zone -- Blackness as a result of divine providence -- Blackness as a result of heat and humidity -- Blackness as a reversible accident -- Blackness as a result of hot air and darkened blood -- Blackness as a result of a darkened humor -- Blackness as a result of blood flow -- Blackness as an extension of optical theory -- Blackness as a result of an original sickness -- Blackness degenerated -- Blackness classified -- Blackness dissected -- Part II. The 1772 contest on "preserving" Negroes -- Introduction: The 1772 essays on "preserving" Negroes -- A slave ship surgeon on the crossing -- A Parisian humanitarian on the slave trade -- Louis Alphonse, Bordeaux apothecary, on the crossing. Edited by Henry Louis Gates, Jr. and Andrew S. Curran. Originally published: 2022 Includes bibliographical references and index. Text in English, partially translated from the French and Latin Académie royale des sciences (France) Academia de Ciencias de Francia Racismo en antropología Europa Siglo XVIII Racismo científico Europa Raza negra Historia Europa Europeos Actitudes Siglo XVIII Racismo Burdeos (Nueva Aquitania) Francia GN 27 W628 2022 9780674295452 0674295455 251125 20260804161554.0 eng