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  <titleInfo>
    <title>Democracy's fourth wave?</title>
    <subTitle>digital media and the Arab Spring</subTitle>
  </titleInfo>
  <name type="personal">
    <namePart>Howard, Philip N.</namePart>
    <namePart type="date">1970-</namePart>
    <role>
      <roleTerm authority="marcrelator" type="text">creator</roleTerm>
    </role>
  </name>
  <name type="personal">
    <namePart>Hussain, Muzammil M.</namePart>
  </name>
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  <originInfo>
    <place>
      <placeTerm type="code" authority="marccountry">nyu</placeTerm>
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    <place>
      <placeTerm type="text">Oxford</placeTerm>
    </place>
    <place>
      <placeTerm type="text">New York</placeTerm>
    </place>
    <publisher>Oxford University Press</publisher>
    <dateIssued>2013</dateIssued>
    <issuance>monographic</issuance>
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  <language>
    <languageTerm authority="iso639-2b" type="code">spa</languageTerm>
  </language>
  <language>
    <languageTerm authority="iso639-2b" type="code">eng</languageTerm>
  </language>
  <physicalDescription>
    <form authority="marcform">print</form>
    <extent>xiv, 145 pages :  illustrations ; 24 cm</extent>
  </physicalDescription>
  <abstract>Did digital media really "cause" the Arab Spring, or is it an important factor of the story behind what might become democracy's fourth wave? An unlikely network of citizens used digital media to start a cascade of social protest that ultimately toppled four of the world's most entrenched dictators. Howard and Hussain find that the complex causal recipe includes several economic, political and cultural factors, but that digital media is consistently one of the most important sufficient and necessary conditions for explaining both the fragility of regimes and the success of social movements. This book looks at not only the unexpected evolution of events during the Arab Spring, but the deeper history of creative digital activism throughout the region.</abstract>
  <tableOfContents>Introduction
Digital Media and the Arab Spring
The Recent History of Digital Media and Dissent
Information Infrastructure and the Organization of Protest
Authoritarian Responses and Consequences
Al Jazeera, Social Media, and Digital Journalism
Conclusion: Digital Media and the Rhythms of Social Change</tableOfContents>
  <note type="statement of responsibility">Philip N. Howard and Muzammil M. Hussain.</note>
  <note>Includes bibliographical references and index.</note>
  <subject>
    <topic>Primavera Árabe, 2010-</topic>
  </subject>
  <subject>
    <topic>Tecnologías de la información</topic>
    <topic>Aspectos políticos</topic>
    <geographic>Países árabes</geographic>
  </subject>
  <subject>
    <topic>Internet</topic>
    <topic>Aspectos políticos</topic>
    <geographic>Países árabes</geographic>
  </subject>
  <subject>
    <topic>Internet</topic>
    <topic>Aspectos sociales</topic>
    <geographic>Países árabes</geographic>
  </subject>
  <subject>
    <topic>Revoluciones</topic>
    <geographic>Países árabes</geographic>
    <topic>Historia</topic>
    <temporal>Siglo XXI</temporal>
  </subject>
  <subject>
    <geographic>Países árabes</geographic>
    <topic>Política y gobierno</topic>
    <temporal>Siglo XXI</temporal>
  </subject>
  <classification authority="lcc">JQ 1850 H851d 2013</classification>
  <relatedItem type="series">
    <titleInfo>
      <title>Oxford studies in digital politics</title>
    </titleInfo>
  </relatedItem>
  <identifier type="isbn">9780199936977</identifier>
  <identifier type="isbn">0199936978</identifier>
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    <recordCreationDate encoding="marc">260310</recordCreationDate>
    <recordChangeDate encoding="iso8601">20260729154830.0</recordChangeDate>
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